Bisphenol S Increases Cell Number and Stimulates Migration of Endometrial Epithelial Cells

Kimberly  Benjamin; Cielo Mae Marquez; Madeleine  Morta; Emmanuel Marc  Reyes; Lemnuel  Aragones; Michael Velarde

doi:10.15605/jafes.037.S7

Authors

Kimberly Benjamin Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4101-2828
Cielo Mae Marquez Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4567-7395
Madeleine Morta Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0928-3102
Emmanuel Marc Reyes Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Regidor St., National Science Complex, Diliman 1101, Quezon City, Philippines https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3082-9904
Lemnuel Aragones Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3318-3857
Michael Velarde Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2384-5404

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.037.S7

Keywords:

BPS, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, Ishikawa cells, uterus, hyperplasia

Abstract

Objective. To determine whether bisphenol S (BPS), a common substitute for bisphenol A (BPA), induces cell proliferation and migration in human endometrial epithelial cells (Ishikawa) and adult mouse uterine tissues.

Methodology. Human endometrial Ishikawa cells were exposed to low doses of BPS (1 nM and 100 nM) for 72 hours. Cell proliferation was assessed through the viability assays MTT and CellTiter-Glo®. Wound healing assays were also used to evaluate the migration potential of the cell line. The expression of genes related to proliferation and migration was also determined. Similarly, adult mice were exposed to BPS at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight/day for 21 days, after which, the uterus was sent for histopathologic assessment.

Results. BPS increased cell number and stimulated migration in Ishikawa cells, in association with the upregulation of estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) and vimentin (VIM). In addition, mice exposed to BPS showed a significantly higher mean number of endometrial glands within the endometrium.

Conclusion. Overall, in vitro and in vivo results obtained in this study showed that BPS could significantly promote endometrial epithelial cell proliferation and migration, a phenotype also observed with BPA exposure. Hence, the use of BPS in BPA-free products must be reassessed, as it may pose adverse reproductive health effects to humans.

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Author Biography

Kimberly Benjamin, Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila

Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines

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