Assessment of Glycemic Control Among Prospective Hajj Pilgrims with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Tangerang City, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.041.02.6347Keywords:
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, prospective Hajj pilgrims, HbA1c levels, istitaahAbstract
Background. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (T2DM) is a significant health concern for Hajj pilgrims, with glycaemic control crucial for their well-being during the pilgrimage. Physical health is key to determining istithaah, including HbA1c and fasting blood glucose tests for prospective Hajj pilgrims with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Objective. This study describes HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels as indicators of glycaemic control among Indonesian prospective Hajj pilgrims diagnosed with T2DM based on laboratory results from medical check-ups for the 2024 departure in Tangerang City, and assesses their association with demographic factors.
Methodology. A cross-sectional study analyzed HbA1c from 125 pre-departure medical check-ups of 75 female and 50 male prospective Hajj pilgrims. Data were collected from medical records at a public hospital in Tangerang City and from the Hajj Integrated Computer Health System (SISKOHATKES) application in 2024. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate.
Result. This study showed that most subjects were female, with the most common age group being 18–59 years (adult). The most prevalent health eligibility (istitaah) status was eligible with assistance. More than 50% of Hajj pilgrims with T2DM had comorbid conditions such as hypertension, cardiomegaly, and hyperlipidaemia. The mean HbA1c level was 9.82 ± 2.2%, with most participants exhibiting uncontrolled glycaemic status (HbA1c >7.5%). Similarly, the mean fasting blood glucose level was 197.0 ± 67.8 mg/dL, with the majority also falling within the uncontrolled range (fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dL). There was no significant correlation between HbA1c levels and age or sex.
This study showed that most subjects were female, with the most common age group being 18–59 years (adult). The most prevalent health eligibility (istitaah) status was eligible with assistance. More than 50% of Hajj pilgrims with T2DM had comorbid conditions such as hypertension, cardiomegaly, and hyperlipidaemia. The mean HbA1c level was 9.82 ± 2.2%, with most participants exhibiting uncontrolled glycaemic status (HbA1c >7.5%). Similarly, the mean fasting blood glucose level was 197.0 ± 67.8 mg/dL, with the majority also falling within the uncontrolled range (fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dL). There was no significant correlation between HbA1c levels and age or sex.
Conclusion. The majority of prospective Hajj pilgrims with T2DM are uncontrolled in terms of glycaemic status. These findings require comprehensive assessment and management strategies before, during, and after the Hajj pilgrimage to minimize risk and prevent complications.
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